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Gender and Sexuality Studies: Queer Theory

Overview

There are many definitions and interpretations of queer theory, but in a general sense, it involves the study of gender and sexuality identities that exist outside the defined "norms" in these areas, norms considered as cisgender heterosexuality and homosexuality (Oxford Reference). 

See below to learn more about theorists who are considered foundational in the study of queer theory and access links to their works. 

Michel Foucault 

  • Michel Foucault's History of Sexuality is a 4 volume work that sets the stage for the discourse that would be known as "queer theory." Foucault's observes "sexual identity as a way of categorizing individuals had the effect of structuring, manipulating, and constraining an otherwise perhaps fluid and “non-binary” mobility of human sexuality and desire" (Kyle 2021) Foucault's work was later expanded with queer theorists challenging "the normative and binary impulses of society with regards to sexuality" (Kyle 2021). 

Gayle Rubin

  • Gayle Rubin's "Thinking Sex" is considered a foundational text in gay and lesbian studies and queer theory(1984). In this work, Rubin deconstructs the relationship between gender and sexuality and questions the values (what is defined as "good" or "bad") placed by social groups on various behaviors associated with gender and sexuality (Fox 2023).

Judith Butler

  • Judith Butler is considered another foundational queer theorist with her work. In Gender TroubleButler explores gender as a social construct and argues that gender  exists through performative measures (1990). 

Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

  • Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick published several works in the field of queer theory and she was influential in the field of queer studies. Her work challenges fixed definitions of gender and sexuality, with examples being Tendencies (a collection of poetry and essays published in 1993) and Epistemology of the Closet (2008). 

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