Examples on this page were updated on March 11, 2020 to reflect changes in the 7th Edition of the APA Manual of Style.
Basic Format for a Book:
~ Book with One Author:
~ Book with More than One Author:
Basic format for an eBook:
~ Example:
Basic Format for a Print Article:
~ Magazine Article:
~ Journal Article:
~ Newspaper Article:
Basic Format for an Online Article:
~ Online Journal Article with DOI Assigned:
~ Online Journal Article with no DOI Assigned:
~ Newspaper Article Found on a Newspaper's Website:
Basic Format for an electronic image:
Note: If you can only find the screen name of an author, use that as the author's name. Maintain the formatting of the screen name. For example, if a screen name is in all lower case, keep the name in lower case in your citations. If there is no title, create your own title that describes the content of the image.
~ Example:
This photo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic License. A human readable summary of the license can be found here.
If you have taken the photo, cite in-text only. Label the picture as a figure (Figure 1, etc.) and provide a caption with information on its content, date, location, and the people in the photo.
Navigating Copyright for Reproduced Images
The APA Style Blog takes you through the four steps of navigating copyright for reproduced images:
Theses & Dissertations
Format
Author Last Name, First Initials. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Database Name.
Example:
Cooper, B. S. (2018). Interactive planning and sensing for aircraft in uncertain environments with spatiotemporally evolving threats (Publication No. etd-042219-162643) [Doctoral dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute]. Digital WPI.
IQPs & MQPs
Format:
Author Last Name, First Initials. (Year). Title of IQP or MQP [Undergraduate interactive qualifying project or Undergraduate major qualifying project, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Database Name.
Example:
Frey, J. P., Kendrick, R., Lowell, J. M., & Rothermel, J. M. (2006). Energy
profiling for off-grid energization solutions in Namibia [Undergraduate
interactive qualifying project, Worcester Polytechnic Institute]. Digital WPI.
Reference List Format:
Inventor, A. A. (Year patent issued). Title of patent (U.S. Patent No. ###). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. URL
Reference List Example:
Bell, A. G. (1876). Improvement in telegraphy. (U.S. Patent No. 174,465). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US174465A/en
In-Text Citation Format:
In text, cite the patent identifier and the year.
In-Text Citation Example:
(U.S. Patent No. 174,465, 1876)