Use the links below to navigate the APA resources in this guide.
Here is a suite of how-to tutorials covering all aspects of APA citations:
Resources for the 7th Edition (2020) formatting rules for APA citations:
Basic Format for a Book:
Reference List: Authors' Last name, First Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. (Edition) [if other than the 1st]. Publisher.
In-text: (Author, Year)
~ Book with One Author:
Reference List: Brader, T. (2006). Campaigning for hearts and minds: How emotional appeals in political ads work. University of Chicago Press.
In-text: (Brader, 2006)
Reference List: Miller, T. E., & Schuh, J. H. (2005). Promoting reasonable expectations: Aligning student and institutional views of the college experience. Jossey-Bass.
In-text: (Miller & Schuh, 2005)
*for more than two authors (3 or more), list only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. Example: (Kernis et al., 1993)
Basic Format for a Print Journal Article:
Last name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers of the entire article.
~ Example:
Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R., Gray, E. A., & Simpson, D. B. (2006). Gender differences in the relationship of anger and depression in a clinical sample. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, 157-161.
Basic Format for an Online Journal Article:
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers. doi or URL of publication home page
~ Online Journal Article with DOI Assigned:
Basic Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/10.0000/0000
Example:
Denhart, H. (2008). Deconstructing barriers: Perceptions of students labeled with learning disabilities in higher education. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41(6), 483-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219408321151
~ Online Journal Article with no DOI Assigned:
Basic Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number). http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/
Example:
von Busch, O., & Palmas, K. (2016). Designing consent: Can design thinking manufacture democratic capitalism? Organizational Aesthetics, 5(2), 10-24. http://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/oa/.
For patents, cite the inventor, the year the patent was granted, the title, the patent number, the name of the patent office, and the URL.
Basic Format:
Inventor Last Name, First Initials. (Year Patent Issued). Title of patent (Patent No. x,xxx,xxx). Name of the patent office. URL
Example:
Farley, B., & Small, D. (2009). Device and method for an electronic tag game (U.S. Patent No. 7,632,187). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7632187B1