Resources for the 7th Edition (2020) formatting rules for APA citations:
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th Edition) by Reference List: Authors' Last name, First Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. (Edition) [if other than the 1st]. Publisher.
In-text: (Author, Year)
Reference List: Brader, T. (2006). Campaigning for hearts and minds: How emotional appeals in political ads work. University of Chicago Press.
In-text: (Brader, 2006)
Reference List: Miller, T. E., & Schuh, J. H. (2005). Promoting reasonable expectations: Aligning student and institutional views of the college experience. Jossey-Bass.
In-text: (Miller & Schuh, 2005)
*For more than two authors (3 or more), list only the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in every citation, even the first, unless doing so would create ambiguity between different sources. Example: (Kernis et al., 1993)
Reference List: Author's Last name, First Initial. (Year). Book title [format of book]. Publisher. URL
In-text: (Author, Year)
Example:
Reference List: Brock, J., & Arciuli, J. (2014). Communication in autism [eBook edition]. John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-475
Last name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers of the entire article.
Example:
Newman, J. L., Fuqua, D. R., Gray, E. A., & Simpson, D. B. (2006). Gender differences in the relationship of anger and depression in a clinical sample. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84, 157–161.
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers. DOI or URL of publication home page
Online Journal Article with DOI Assigned
Basic Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/10.0000/0000
Example:
Denhart, H. (2008). Deconstructing barriers: Perceptions of students labeled with learning disabilities in higher education. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41(6), 483–497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219408321151
Online Journal Article with No DOI Assigned:
Basic Format:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number). http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url/
Example:
von Busch, O., & Palmas, K. (2016). Designing consent: Can design thinking manufacture democratic capitalism? Organizational Aesthetics, 5(2), 10–24. http://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/oa/
Last name, First initial. (Year image was created). Title of work [Type of work]. URL
Note: If you can only find the screen name of an author, use that as the author's name. Maintain the formatting of the screen name. If there is no title, create your own title that describes the content of the image.
Sipler, D. (2005). Nap time [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/photofarmer/284159867/in/set-72157594353612286
Each image in your paper should have a figure number, a title, and a caption. The caption should describe the image, provide a citation for the image, and provide copyright information. For example:
Figure 1
Two Cats Resting
Note. This photo shows two orange cats resting in the "loaf" position. From Nap time [Photograph], by D. Sipler, 2005, Flickr (link). CC BY 2.0.
If you have taken the photo or created the image, you do not need to cite it or provide copyright information. You will still need to label the picture with a figure number and title, and provide a caption describing the image.
If you did not create the image, you need to provide a copyright statement for that image. The APA Style Blog outlines four steps for navigating copyright for reproduced images:
For more information on copyright and finding safe-to-reuse images, see the library's Copyright Guide.
Last name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine/Journal/Newspaper Title, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers of the entire article.
White, C. (2006, April). The spirit of disobedience: An invitation to resistance. Harper's Magazine, 312(1871), 31–40.
Zernike, K. (2015, October 25). White House moves to limit school testing. New York Times, p. A1.
Note: For newspaper articles, p. or pp. precedes page numbers. Use p. for a single page (e.g., p. B2) and pp. for multiple pages (e.g., pp. B2, B4 or pp. C1, C3–C4).
Basic Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
Example:
Zernike, K. (2016, February 29). Testing for joy and grit? Schools nationwide push to measure students’ emotional skills. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/01/us/testing-for
For patents, cite the inventor, the year the patent was granted, the title, the patent number, the name of the patent office, and the URL.
Basic Format:
Inventor Last Name, First Initials. (Year Patent Issued). Title of patent (Patent No. x,xxx,xxx). Name of the patent office. URL
Example:
Farley, B., & Small, D. (2009). Device and method for an electronic tag game (U.S. Patent No. 7,632,187). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patents.google.com/patent/US7632187B1