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WR 1011: Writing About Science & Technology: Types of Sources

Scholarly vs Popular Sources

Scholarly/Academic Sources Popular Sources
Examples: Peer-reviewed journal articles and books/book chapters Magazines and newspapers 
Author is usually:

Scholar in field, academic, or researcher  

Staff writer, journalist, often a generalist

Credit/Sources: Always many references and/or footnotes          

Rarely cites sources, original sources may be obscure

Length: Articles and chapters are typically 10+ pages Usually brief 
Advertisements: Usually do not contain ads Usually have ads 

 

Peer-Reviewed Journals

What is Peer-Review?

"A process by which a scholarly work (such as a paper or a research proposal) is checked by a group of experts in the same field to make sure it meets the necessary standards before it is published or accepted." - Merriam Webster

What are Peer-Reviewed Journals?

A peer-reviewed journal is a highly respected type of publication. Before articles are published within these types of journals, they are sent by the editors of the journal to other scholars in the field ("peers"), often anonymously, to get feedback on the quality of the scholarship, review research methods, as well as relevance or importance to the field. The article may be accepted, often with revisions suggested, or rejected for publication.  

Types of Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Primary/Original Research Articles​ Review Articles​
  • detailed accounts of research activity written by the scientists who did the research​
  • contain a hypothesis or research question, description of research methods, results of the research, and analysis of the results
  • summarize the current state of understanding on a topic​
  • survey and summarize previously published studies​
  • Synthesize existing literature for a research question or a current area of research